The Effect of Digital Identity on Loneliness and Risky Behaviors among Youth: The Moderating Role of Emotional Security

Abstract

Introduction and Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of digital identity on loneliness and risky behaviors among youth, considering the moderating role of emotional security.

Methodology: This descriptive–correlational study employed a cross-sectional design using structural equation modeling and path analysis. The population consisted of university students in public universities in Tehran in 2025, from which 200 participants were selected using a combined sampling method, and 149 valid responses were analyzed. Instruments included the Digital Identity Scale (DIS), UCLA Loneliness Scale, Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), and Belonging and Emotional Security Tool (BEST). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27, SmartPLS version 4, and JAMOVI version 2.4.14, with a significance level of 0.05.

Findings: Digital identity showed a strong and significant negative effect on loneliness (β = −0.737, P<0.001) and risky behaviors (β = −0.789, P<0.001). Emotional security did not have a significant direct effect on these variables; however, its moderating role was significant in predicting loneliness (β = −0.144, P = 0.015) and risky behaviors (β = −0.123, P<0.001).

Conclusion: Digital identity plays a significant role in reducing loneliness and risky behaviors among youth, while emotional security moderates these relationships, highlighting the importance of identity processes in digital environments and the need to enhance emotional security in psychological and educational interventions.