Psychology of Motivation, Behavior, and Health

Introduction and Aim: Farhangian University students due to academic challenges may experience a decrease in academic motivation and teaching self-efficacy and an increase in test anxiety. Therefore, the aim of this study was determine the effectiveness of self-regulated learning strategies training on academic motivation, teaching self-efficacy, and test anxiety in Farhangian University students.

Methodology: This research was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population was Farhangian University students of Sheikh Ansari Higher Education Center of Dezqoul in the 2024-2025 academic years. The sample size was calculated to be 40 people who after reviewing the inclusion criteria were selected using a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minute of self-regulated learning strategies training, and during this time the control group did not receive any training. To collect data were used the Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand et al., 1992), Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (Skaalvik and Skaalvik, 2007), and Test Anxiety Questionnaire (Sarason and Sarason, 1990). The data of the present research were analyzed using chi-square and multivariate analysis of covariance methods in SPSS-26 software at a significant level of 0.05.

Findings: There was no significant difference between the students in the experimental and control groups in terms of university year and age (P>0.05). Also, the results of this study showed that self-regulated learning strategies training increased academic motivation and teaching self-efficacy and reduced test anxiety in Farhangian University students (P<0.001).

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, educational counselors and psychologists can use the method of self-regulated learning strategies training along with other effective educational methods to improve characteristics related to education, especially increasing academic motivation and teaching self-efficacy and reducing test anxiety.

Introduction and Aim: Nowadays, the use of artificial intelligence tools and mobile phones has grown significantly. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting the phenomenon of dependence to artificial intelligence tools (ChatGPT case study) based on the components of dependence to mobile phone in students.

Methodology: This study was a descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was all female students of Farhangian University of Kashan city in the 2025-6 academic years, which 350 people of them were selected as samples with using multistage cluster sampling method. The instruments of the present research were included the Demographic Information Form, Researcher-Made Questionnaire of Dependence to Artificial Intelligence Tools, and Cell Phone Addiction Scale (Koo, 2009). The data of this study were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with simultaneous model in SPSS-27 software at a significance level of 0.05.

Findings: The findings of the present research showed that all components of dependence to mobile phone including withdrawal/tolerance, life dysfunction, and compulsion/persistence had a positive and significant relationship with dependence to artificial intelligence tools in students (P<0.001). Also, other findings of this study showed that the components of dependence to mobile phone were able to predict 42 percent of the changes of dependence to artificial intelligence tools in them (P<0.001).

Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, in order to reduce dependence to artificial intelligence tools, can be used the educational workshops to provide a basis for reducing dependence to mobile phone in students.

Introduction and Aim: Psychological well-being indicates individual and social health that is influenced by various factors. As a result, the aim of this study was investigate the relationship of spiritual intelligence and character strengths with psychological well-being through feminine identity based on the third pattern.

Methodology: This study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The population of this research included all female students of Tehran city universities in the 2023-4 academic years, which 380 students were selected as a sample using multistage cluster random sampling method. The instruments of the present research included the Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (Abdollahzadeh et al., 2009), Character Strengths Scale (Peterson & Seligman, 2004), Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff, 1989), and Researcher-Made Questionnaire of Feminine Identity based on the Third Pattern. The data of this study were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method in SPSS and AMOS software version 25.

Findings: The findings of this study showed that the model of the relationship of spiritual intelligence and character strengths with psychological well-being through feminine identity based on the third pattern had a good fit. Also, the direct effect of spiritual intelligence and character strengths on feminine identity and the direct effect of feminine identity on psychological well-being was positive and significant (P<0.05), but the direct effect of spiritual intelligence and character strengths on psychological well-being was not significant (P>0.05). In addition, the indirect effect of spiritual intelligence and character strengths on psychological well-being through feminine identity was positive and significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion: According to the results of this research, to increase psychological well-being, it is possible to provide the basis for improving and promoting spiritual intelligence, character capabilities, and female identity through educational workshops.

Introduction and Aim: Mental disorders have been considered in the films of many directors, including Dariush Mehrjoui. Therefore, the aim of this research was investigate how mental disorders are represented in Dariush Mehrjoui's cinema through an analytical study of three films of Cow, Hamoon, and Pari.

Methodology: This was a descriptive from type of qualitative. The present research selected three films of cow, Hamon, and Perry by purposive sampling method and examined the using the Fiske's semiotics and social and cultural studies model, Selby and Cowdery's technical and social codes model, and Barthes' model of communication elements and visual and narrative signs related to mental disorders. This research was conducted to answer questions about recognizing mental disorders and attempting to treat them, the existence of mental health messages and referral to a specialist, the way families and those around them react, the way society reacts, instability, maladjustment, and antisocial, and the role of Psychological and psychiatric specialists in treatment. The data were obtained through observation of visual text, dialog, and cinematic symbols and were analyzed by content analysis.

Findings: The results of this study showed that Dariush Mehrjoui presented different representations of mental disorders in these three films, which each one reflected the attitudes and social and cultural contexts of their time.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the current situation of mental disorders of their time, which can help the country's specialists and planners understand the current situation and design programs to improve it.

The aim of the present study was to investigate and determine the effectiveness of a personal empowerment package based on Maher crystallized intelligence on personality intelligence, psychological flexibility, and conflict resolution skills in women who had been cheated on. The method of the present study was semi-experimental and a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group was used. The statistical population of the study included all women who had been hurt by marital infidelity referring to clinics in District 1 of Tehran in 1403-1404 during a 3-month period in the summer. 30 of these women who met the conditions for entering the study were selected using a purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The personal empowerment package based on crystallized intelligence (Zeili, Seadatee Shamir, and Kazemi, 2013) consisted of 14 sessions(90-minute), and the data collection tools were personality intelligence (Seadatee Shamir, 2011) and conflict resolution skills (Rahim, 2001), which were completed by the subjects in the pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up stages. The research data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that the personal empowerment package based on crystallized intelligence was effective in improving personality intelligence and increasing psychological flexibility and conflict resolution skills in betrayed women at the end of treatment and after a one-month follow-up. The results of this study provide appropriate empirical support for the use of the personal empowerment package based on crystallized intelligence in betrayed women. Accordingly, it is recommended that family counselors and couple therapists use this approach to promote personality intelligence, psychological flexibility, and conflict resolution skills. Conflict resolution in betrayed women.

Introduction and Aim: Academic motivation plays an important role in other academic and non-academic variables in adolescents. Therefore, the present was conducted with the aim of predicting academic motivation based on academic vitality, mental toughness, and social well-being of adolescents.

Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional from type correlation. The research population was all second high school students of Ahvaz city in the 2024-5 academic years, which 500 people of them were selected as samples using multi-stage cluster sampling. The research instruments included the Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand et al., 1992), Academic Vitality Questionnaire (Dehghanizadeh and Hosseinchari, 2013), Mental Toughness Questionnaire (Clough et al., 2002), and Social Well-Being Questionnaire (Keyes, 2004). The data of this study were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with enter model in SPSS-29 software at a significance level of 0.05.

Findings: The findings of this research showed that academic vitality, mental toughness, and social well-being had a positive and significant relationship with academic motivation of adolescents (P<0.001). Also, the variables of academic vitality, mental toughness, and social well-being significantly were able to predict 42 percent of the changes of their academic motivation (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Considering the role of the variables of academic vitality, mental toughness, and social well-being in predicting academic motivation of adolescents, in order to improve their academic motivation can be designed and implemented programs for academic vitality, mental toughness, and social well-being.

Introduction and Aim: Narrative has a high potential to present an integrated picture of needs, problems, and challenges in a specific context. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of narrative exploration of the integrated needs of adolescents with internet addiction.

Methodology: This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive from type of qualitative in terms of method. The research population consisted of all scientific texts related to narrative therapy and internet addiction in the 2015-2025 years with number 47 case, which number of 26 case were selected as samples using purposive sampling method. Data were collected by method note-taking from scientific texts and were analyzed using theme analysis.

Findings: The results of this study indicated that narratives based on the integrated needs of adolescents with internet addiction had fifteen sub themes in five main themes, including the need to change of one's narrative, retelling of one's capabilities, retelling of laternal problems and obstacles, retelling of connections and relationships, and narrative creation for new and alternative experiences.

Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, specialists and planners of the internet addiction domain can use the results of this study to reduce internet addiction in adolescents.

Introduction and Aim: Childhood is associated with many disorders, including anxiety disorders. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of schema therapy on childhood anxiety disorders.

Methodology: This research was a quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up design with a control group. The population of the present research was all children aged 8-12 with anxiety disorders who referred to counseling and psychological services centers of Babol city in 2024 year. Number of 30 children were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group underwent 16 sessions of 90 minute the schema therapy, and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. Data were collected using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale - Short Version (Ahlen et al., 2018) and analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test methods in SPSS software.

Findings: The results of the present study showed that schema therapy reduced anxiety disorder and all components including separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder in children, and the results were maintained at the follow-up stage (P<0.01).

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, therapists and professionals of child health can use schema therapy along with other treatment methods to reduce anxiety disorders in children.