Comparison the Effectiveness of Time Perspective Training and Mindfulness Training on Blood Sugar, Hope, Quality of Life and Psychological Well-Being in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Introduction and Aim: Patients with type 2 diabetes face many challenges and difficulties in life. Therefore, the aim of this research was comparison the effectiveness of time perspective training and mindfulness training on blood sugar, hope, quality of life, and psychological well-being in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methodology: This research was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of implementation method with a pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up with a control group. The population of this study was all patients with type 2 diabetes who referred to the Diabetes and Endocrine Centers of Dubai in the summer of 2023 year, which from them 60 patients were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to three equal groups. The experimental groups underwent time perspective training and mindfulness training for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, respectively, and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. Data were collected using the Glycated Hemoglobin Blood Sugar Test, Hope Questionnaire (Snyder et al., 1991), Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory (Burroughs et al., 2004), and Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (Ryff, 1989) and were analyzed using chi-square, analysis of variance with repeated measures and post hoc test in SPSS-29 software.

Findings: The results of this research showed that both time perspective training and mindfulness training in compared to the control group significantly reduced blood sugar and significantly increased hope, quality of life, and psychological well-being in patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the experimental groups in any of the variables (P>0.05).

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, counselors and psychologists can use time perspective training and mindfulness training methods to reduce blood sugar, and increase hope, quality of life and psychological well-being.